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In Colorado, Gevo and Bye Energy signed a Joint Market Development Agreement to develop, evaluate and market biofuels for general aviation. The formal agreement is a follow -up to a January agreement to “jointly explore opportunities for the marketing and distribution of renewable aviation fuels to small and medium-sized airports.” According to a statement by the companies, they have commenced static engine tests with general aviation aircraft. The initial focus for the joint effort is a sustainable biomass-derived aviation gasoline for the general aviation market. Gevo is a devloper of renewable hydrocarbon fuels, including avgas, jet fuel and biobutanol, as well as green chemicals. Bye Energy is an integrator of alternative energy and renewable fuel technologies for business and general aviation. More information on Gevo More information on Bye Energy Four articles/releases on Gevo, Bye Energy – which is the best? – WyrdChoice™ tells all #1. A January press release from Gevo and Bye Energy introduces the story of their early exploration of general aviation, leading up to the June announcement of a market development partnership. The press release, surprisingly, caught just the right balance between the companies, and describing the opportunities in accessible terms without missing anything of importance. Like press releases do, it may lack some perspecitive on challenges in the sector, but otherwise excellent, and the top-ranked article for this storyline. WyrdChoice™ score: 937 #2. In “US Biofuels Market off and running”, Geneng News focuses on Gevo’s strategy , “Gevo is positioning itself to become a long-term supplier of industrially useful intermediates for chemicals production that also have utility as fuels and as fuel additives”. A great approach, if more focused on Gevo than Bye. WyrdChoice™ Score: 822 #3. An article on oil major Total’s investment in Gevo appearing in Silobreaker.com has a strong storyline, but lost points when it went too deeply into the weeds, exploring Gevo’s green chemical opportunities with specific molecules such as isoctane, paraxylene and isobutylene that made it more of an article for specialists. Ideal for the hard-core. WyrdChoice™ score: 722. #4. A general profile of Bye Energy, “Jet Stream in Green”, appearing in Colorado Alternative Energy , proceeds at more relaxed and folksy pace – lacks enough bites for many Digest readers, but tells the story of George Bye’s vision well, and especially recommended for those without a technical background. WyrdChoice™ score: 314. (What’s WyrdChoice? More info here. )
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Gevo, Bye Energy ink agreement for joint development of biofuels for general aviation
In Montana, Great Plains, The Camelina Company announced a partnership with Agragen, a Finnish biotechnology company that genetically modifies Camelina sativa to increase oil content, viability in expanded locations, and resistance to disease, weeds and pests. Camelina meal is naturally high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Agragen’s portfolio includes nine major Camelina-based patents, four patents pending, and numerous additional intellectual property licenses related to the improvement of Camelina. Great Plains recently announced that it increased its contracted acreage by more than 200 percent versus 2008. The expected yield from this acreage provides commercial scale for what has been described by a major aviation manufacturer as one of the most promising sources for renewable fuel. Last month, a lifecycle analysis of camelina-based jet fuel confirmed an emissions reduction of more than 80 percent compared to conventional jet fuel , and Boeing biofuels chief Billy Glover said that fuels from the renewable feedstock “performed as well if not better than traditional jet fuel during our test flight with Japan Airlines earlier this year”. The low-input, high oil content feedstock, which can be grown in rotation with wheat in a substitute for the fallow period, continues to gain traction as a renewable fuel, and joins algae, jatropha, and salicornia as the renewable jet fuel feedstocks of choice. The lifecycle analysis was conducted for UOP, which manufactures drop-in jet fuel. Camelina is currently grown primarily in the northern plains, and especially in Montana, but is being trialed around the US and discussions have been launched to trial it in other countries, including Argentina. Studies have shown that a wheat-camelina-wheat rotation produces more wheat than a wheat-fallow-rotation, making camelina a unique candidate for contributing to high availability of both food and fuel. More on camelina: Camelina jet fuel has 84 percent lower carbon emissions than convention fuels: report Jatropha, algae, camelina and halophytes are the feedstocks of choice for aviation: Boeing 13 seed companies, producers band together to form the North American Camelina Trade Association Former Soviet republics investigating native camelina as energy source Camelina acreage drops by half in Montana as ‘08 wheat price boom retards growth of biodiesel feedstock U of North Dakota, Great Plains partner to produce jet fuel , gasoline and diesel from camelina Sustainable Oils receives FDA approval for camelina as livestock feed; improves biofuel production model Special Biofuels Digest report on camelina
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Great Plains, Agragen announce camelina GMO partnership; camelina acreage doubles
In Colorado, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has updated its Renewable Energy Technology Resource Maps for the United States . The Dynamic Maps, GIS Data and Analysis Tools Web site provide dynamically-generated maps of renewable energy resources that determine which energy technologies are viable solutions in national and international regions. NREL maintains an FTP site where data and Geospatial Toolkits can be downloaded. The definitive work to date on biomass availability is the “Biomass as feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts industry: The technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply” study completed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 2005, and downloadable here . NREL also recently debuted a new, online interactive map showing the locations of 2,000+ E85 fuel stations around the country. The map plots the location of ethanol plants as well as E85 stations, and includes propane, hydrogen, and other alternative fuel locations. Elsewhere, the International Energy Agency earlier this year completed its mapping of global second-generation biofuels demo plants and projects, now available here . The interactive map allows for searching by type of plant (biochemical, thermochemical or hybrid), scale (pilot, demo or commercial) and status (planned,on hold, under construction, under commissioning, or operational). Each individual entry includes data on the project name, location, technology, output, facility type, total investment and a technology brief on each project, plus contact information and project photos. The international project, part of Task 39 of the IEA Bioenergy project, was completed by a team led by Bioenergy 2020+ researcher Dina Bacovsky in Austria and supported by Biofuel Digest among other organizations. Thank you to the many projects which submitted data! Currently, more than 50 2nd generation projects are listed and more are being added as projects report their data.
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NREL updates national US biomass availabilty maps
In Wisconsin, Sanimax announced that it would temporarily shut its 20 Mgy biodiesel production plant in DeForest and would lay off two-thirds of the plant’s biodiesel production staff. The company will continue with its 82-person restaurant grease collection staff, but said that it did not have a date for reopening the pant. The closure was attributed to poor trading conditions for biodiesel. The plant opened in March 2007. The plant’s unique capability to produce biodiesel from both soybean and waste fats and greases had brough the plant an unusual amount of attention. In the debate over indirect land use change, the proposed EPA rules make it impossible for soy biodiesel to qualify as an advanced biofuel under the terms of the Renewable Fuel Standard which mandates belding of alternative fuels. The EPA has recommended, as a remedy, that soy biodisel producers blend their fuels with biodiesel made from waste vegetable oils.
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Sanimax shutters 20 Mgy waste oil biodiesel plant in Wisconsin
In Florida, algae and microcrop pioneer and market leader PetroAlgae announced that it was expanding its international sales force, adding nine representatives in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The new team members bring experience from BP, ConocoPhillips, Cargill, Trinity Industries, Merrill Lynch and Syngenta. The company has grown to an employee base of 115, up 28 percent from the 90 staff that company has on the payrolls in December. “The company now has virtually all of the elements in place to meet its goal of bringing its micro-crop technology to market this year giving PetroAlgae the first-mover advantage in a multi-billion dollar renewable-fuels market,” said PetroAlgae Chairman Dr. John Scott. An update on PetroAlgae’s progress appeared in the Digest last month, in which the company said that it believes it is the closest company to commercialization of micro crops as a biofuel , will complete its microcrop demonstration farm in Florida this year and will commence booking revenues from technology licenses this year. PetroAlgae management said that it is in discussions with customers in China, India, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Germany, the UK., Singapore, Finland and the U.S. In March, the company announced that GTB Power had signed to use or sublicense PetroAlgae technology to construct and operate ten facilities in the China, Taiwan, and the Japanese island of Yonaguni. Chairman John Scott said in a statement to shareholders that “PetroAlgae’s business model is designed to generate revenues from licensing its technology (production systems, micro-crop strains, process controls, etc.) to those with the capital and market know-how to become high-volume producers. We consider our model to be the lowest-risk path to market-strength in what can be a high-risk, emerging industry. We are selling the tools that will allow producers to operate with maximum efficiency in a price-sensitive, competitive environment.” The company has refocused its position around a broader group of micro-crops — including macroalgae, microalgae, diatoms, micro-angiosperms, and cyanobacteria that can be harvested daily, making maximum use of land, water and energy, and requiring water, nutrients, carbon dioxide and sunlight, and non-arable land. “We select the best microorganism for each specific location, indigenous to the region,” said Scott, “and then apply our distinct proprietary processes to scale from a microorganism to a high output-producing micro-crop.” The company revealed that it is generating 40 grams per square meter per day production levels – equivalent to 400 kilograms of biomass per hectare per day, and that the company’s process can now convert carbohydrate content as well as lipids into fuel.
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PetroAlgae expands international sales staff; payroll up 28 percent since December as microcrop pioneer readies rollout
In Africa, Business Week and VUE Weekly are reporting on the rise of neocolonialism as massive land grans are undertaken by Saudi Arabia, China the United Arab Emirates, as well as European interests . The goal is food and energy security for the investor nation, but voices are being raised in question over the stability of such arrangements in light of African food shortages and political strife, as well as the adviseability of the land programs in light of the same. To date, South Korea acquired 1,704,000 acres of Sudanese land for wheat cultivation; the Emirates is investing in the acquisition of 933,000 acres, also in the Sudan, for corn, alfalfa, wheat, potato and bean cultivation. Saudi Arabia is reportedly seeking 1,235,000 acres, while China has purchased 6.9 million acres in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for an oil palm plantation and is seeking 4.94 million acres in Zambia for a jatropha plantation. British and other European interests have also been actively acquiring freehold and leases in Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria and Tanzania, including 5,500 acres for the UK’s Sun Biofuels in Tanzania, 24,700 hectares in Nigeria by Trans4mation Agritech, 111,000 acres in Tanzania by the CAMS group in Tanzania, 32,000 acres by SEKAB in Mozambique in a venture that is now being wound down. In addition, some 1,627,000 acres have been acquired by similar interests in Russia and the Ukraine. The total is estimated by BusinessWeek at a total of as much as 50 million acres at a cost of up to $40 billion. Journalists and NGOs are warning that while food productivity kept up with population growth in the 1960-2000 period , in the past 10 years population has been increasing as much as 3 percent per year while food productivity is “essentially flat” according to Vue Weekly.
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Massive neocolonial land grab for food, fuel cropland nabs 50 million acres in Africa, Russia, Ukraine
In Texas, Earth Biofuels announced that it will change its name to Evolution Fuels and will focus on a series of renewable fuel depots , such as the Willie’s Place Truck Stop, associated with Willie Nelson and located in Carl’s Corner. The company said it will create two divisions, one focused on ecofriendly truckstops, and the other on urban and suburban fueling stations that will carry ethanol blends from E15 to E85 as well as E85. The company will supply biodiesel from its processing plant in Durant, Oklahoma.
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Earth Biofuels renamed Evolution Fuels; to develop truck stops, urban ethanol fuel stops
The Biomass blog at Pinceton.edu had this to say about corn ethanol Debate sharperns over biofuels between advocates of energy security, farm development, and and greenhouse gas emissions advocates. In Washington, Senator John Thune of South Dakota introduced a bill today to require the use of direct lifecyle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and prevent the use of indirect land use change analysis (ILUC) in considering the greenhouse gas impact of renewable fuels. The bill would also require the EPA to make public its methods for measures direct emissions and permit individual producers to apply for individual carbon scores based on their unique technologies. Finally, the bill creates a petition process whereby ethanol producers can petition EPA to waive greenhouse gas emission requirements if they are preventing the meeting of RFS targets and reducing the drive towards energy independence. “Following California’s recent decision to use flawed models to estimate ethanol’s environmental impact, I am concerned that the EPA could soon apply similar standards that will handicap renewable fuel relative to regular gasoline,” said Thune in a press statement. “Congress has asked EPA to apply greenhouse gas emission standards that reflect ethanol’s proven environmental benefits. However, with the EPA’s current decision that is pending at the White House, I am concerned that EPA’s action could have a detrimental impact on our renewable fuel industry and efforts to reduce our dependence on foreign oil.” The bill is structured as an amendment to the Clean Air Act and was introduced yesterday without any co-sponsors. It was read twice in the Senate and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works, headed by Senator Barbara Boxer of California, who has been a leading advocate of stringent regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. Boxer also signer a letter last month, along with seven other senators to encourage the release of EPA proposed rulemaking on direct and indirect land-use changes from biofuels production. Thune also recently introduced bipartisan legislation with Charles Shumer (D-NY) to prevent the imposition of a “cow tax” by the EPA after its landmark decision to define CO2 as a pollutant and to seek regulation of carbon dioxide emissions.
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Sen. Thune introduces bill to limit indirect land use change analysis by EPA; bill moves to Environment Committee headed by California’s Barbara Boxer
In Minnesota, the Olmsted County Board voted to permit annexation of land into the county that will permit the go-ahead of a planned 55 Mgy ethanol plant that Minnergy proposes to construct near Eyota. A group of local residents are mounting a last-ditch campaign to delay or cancel the project over water and air concerns. Minnergy has also said that it plans to eventually increase the capacity of the plant to 75 Mgy. The project has a budget cited at between $110 million and $133 million. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency previously cleared the way for the project.
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Olmstead County annexes land to accelerate 55 Mgy Minnergy ethanol plant in Minnesota
In California, the city of San Diego took another step towards establishing itself as national center for advanced biofuels development with the announcement of an algal fuel partnership between the San Diego Center for Algae Biotechnology, the city of San Diego and the University of California, San Diego. UCSD Chancellor Marye Anne Fox told 10 News: “This consortium will strengthen our ability to obtain grants and attract resources to the area. Algal biofuels will allow us to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and other economies and will provide opportunities for a new economy and workforce.” The San Diego Association of Governments estimated that algal biofuels is a $63 million industry in San Diego and employs 513 people. The San Diego Center for Algae Biotechnology is backed by Cleantech San Diego, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, The Scripps Research Institute, and UC San Diego. Two San Diego companies, General Atomics and SAIC, were named as the lead contractors earlier this year for algae fuel research efforts funded by the Defense Advances Research Projects Administration (DARPA). SAIC’s project received a $14.9 million contract, while General Atomics project received $19..9 million. A total of 17 companies bid on the projects. San Diego is also home to Sapphire Energy, Synthetic Genomics,. Genomatics, HR Biopetroleum, Earthrise Farms, and Carbon Capture.
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City of San Diego partners with UCSD, San Diego Center for Algae Biotechnology to accelerate algal fuel development
The California Air Resources Board is expected to administer the same lethal dose to the ethanol industry as it meted out to the electric car some ten years ago In a last-minute flurry of appeal more reminiscent of the battle to save Caryl Chessman or other condemned prisoners from the gas chamber at San Quentin, biofuels supporters, and in particular friends of ethanol, pelted the California Air Resources Board with last-minute appeals to refrain from including Indirect Land Use Change Analysis in the proposed Low Carbon Fuel Standard until the science is more robust. Critics and supporters of the proposed Indirect Land Use Change analysis have agreed that the science is immature. The question is whether to attribute a penalty to biofuels now, and correct errors in the future, or to delay implementation until a standard model emerges. Critics of ILUC have charged that a tangled web of relationships between oil companies, environmental organizations, consultants and academics has made it impossible for biofuels to get a fair hearing from CARB. They have pointed out that no other fuel has been subjected to penalty based on the indirect consequences of the fuel’s production. From Brent Erickson at BIO came one of the most through critiques of Indirect Land Use Change analysis including an analysis of the rapid evolution of the art, and the different results that teams have seen from the use of the GTAP model. Erickson said in part: “The Board should direct its staff to continue soliciting input from all stakeholders and from the scientific community on appropriate ILUC modeling and reliable data sources, without any fixed commitment to GTAP or the parameters used in GTAP, for a period of up to 2 years….Next time, peer reviews should be completed and posted for public comment before the public comment period on the proposed regulations begins…During the period in which ILUC methodologies are finalized in California, the LCFS regulations should be implemented without ILUC penalties.” BIO also released “ Sustainable Biofuels: a commonsense perspective on California’s approach to biofuels and global land use, ” by industry consultant Jack Sheehan, which can be downloaded here. Sheehan wrote: “The declining land clearing debt estimates in CARB’s GTAP analysis relative to the ?rst published estimates by Searchinger in 2008 re?ect progress being made in the re?nement of the estimates of iLUC impacts, particularly with regard to the types of land affected by the increased demand for biofuels production. The sharply differing estimates between 2008 and 2009 demonstrate how rapidly our understanding the iLUC phenomenon is changing.” The summary of the ILUC draft analysis can be downloaded here . Also, the Huffington Post published an article by Andrew Gumbel, in which the LA-based freelancer writes: “ A few years ago, CARB caved to pressure from the oil and car industries and gave the green light that enabled GM and the rest of the automotive behemoths to “kill” the electric car . Now it is on the brink of performing another disservice to the future of the planet – this time by considering the adoption of an unproven, brand new method of “carbon scoring” different fuel types that happens to discriminate heavily in favor of old-fashioned fossil fuels like oil and gas and penalize biofuels. “CARB’s decision, which has already been drafted and may or may not be made final on the first day of a two-day board meeting in Sacramento today, will be crucial not just to the fight against global warming in California. The means it chooses to determine the carbon intensity of different fuel types is likely to set the standard nationally, if not also globally. So a great deal is at stake. “The methodology is not without its complications, but essentially CARB has two choices. The first is to “carbon score” different fuel types based on their chemistry and means of production alone, the so-called “well to wheels” model known by the acronym GREET which has been used and fully peer-reviewed. “The second choice is to try to throw in considerations of broader economic and geopolitical realities. That’s not a bad idea in and of itself. It’s hard to assess the total environmental cost of importing oil from the Middle East without considering, say, the fuel burned on the tanker that brings it to the United States, or considering the impact of the continuing U.S. military presence in Iraq. The problem with the model being touted by CARB, though, is that it looks at these indirect factors in the context of biofuels only. It factors in the cost of driving ethanol by truck from Iowa to California, but lets oil and gas off the hook completely for comparable factors. “A group of more than 100 scientists specializing in energy and the environment have written both to Governor Schwarzenegger and to Mary Nichols, who chairs CARB, to voice their concerns. “We’re basically talking about increasing the carbon score of some alternative fuels by 40-200% based on dubious economic modeling that is nowhere near ready for prime time, and then to add insult to injury they are not doing the same economic analysis on other eligible fuels in the program or petroleum,” the letter’s lead signatory, Blake Simmons of the Sandia National Laboratory, said in a statement. “This is indefensible from either a scientific or public policy perspective and will ultimately fail.” Gumbel also pointed out that CARB member Dan Sperling, whom Gumbel described as leading the charge against biofuels, was initimately involved in the CARB decision to end the electric car mandate in the 1990s at the behest of opil and car companies. The director of the documentary “who Killed the Electric Car?” described today’s hearing as a “cast reunion”. The CARB hearing today is available via video (or audio only) webcast here . POET CEO Jeff Broin made a last-minute appeal ( full text here) : “The ethanol industry supports an accounting of carbon emissions that includes all direct effects from all fuels, including direct land use change. It does not support the selective inclusion of indirect effects as CARB is proposing. Their proposal unfairly penalizes ethanol for indirect effects without considering the indirect effects of any other fuel. POET is not requesting special preference for our products. We are simply requesting the level playing field promised as part of the LCFS and that CARB hold ethanol to the same carbon accounting standard as petroleum, hydrogen, electricity, and all other fuels.”
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“The Gas Chamber”: last minute flurry of appeals for clemency from corn ethanol supporters as California’s ARB prepares the lethal dose it served to electric cars in the 1990s
In Washington, the National Science Board released its draft report, Building a Sustainable Energy Future , and is seeking review and public comments through May 1. The report is available online here with a home page on the report here . Comments are accepted via e-mail at NSBenergy@nsf.gov. The blue-ribbon panel called on the US government to “develop, clearly define, and lead a nationally coordinated research, development, demonstration, deployment, and education (RD3E) strategy to transform the U.S. energy system to a sustainable energy economy that is far less carbon-intensive.” Dan Arvizu, co-chairman of the NSB’s Task Force on Sustainable Energy as well as head of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) said that the measures recommended “can help to promote national security by increasing U.S. energy independence, ensure environmental stewardship by reducing energy and carbon intensity, and generate continued economic growth through innovation in energy technologies and increases in green jobs.” The group called for the establishment of a Presidential Sustainable Energy Council to coordinate all federal activities in sustainable energy, boost R&D spending, develop stable policy, lead globally and bolster science and technology education. The 25-member National Science Board is the policy-making body for the National Science Foundation and advises the President and Congress. Key findings of the report include: • The U.S. Government must adopt a forward-looking, long-term, coordinated strategy for achieving a stable, sustainable, and clean energy future. • The level of Federal support for sustainable energy research and development (R&D) is inadequate to meet the scale and scope of the challenges for achieving sustainable energy solutions. • The current energy economy does not adequately value or reward the attributes of sustainable energy solutions relative to those for the use of non-sustainable energy. • The U.S. must substantially increase efforts in education and workforce development related to sustainable energy research and technology development and deployment. • Limited international engagement and collaboration on sustainable energy solutions are inhibiting progress toward critical multilateral and bilateral actions. • The U.S. Government should promote national public awareness of sustainable energy solutions, energy consumption, and energy efficiency.
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National Science Board releases Building a Sustainable Energy Future report, calls for nationally coordinated research, development, demonstration, deployment, and education (RD3E) strategy
The Indirect Land Use Change controversy continued to roil as two papers were released critical of the calculations reached by a team led by Tim Searchinger in the seminal Princeton study that ignited the “food vs fuel” controversy last January. One paper Dr. John Mathews of Macquarie University, was published in Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining and viewable here >, while another is published here , concluding in part: “The Searchinger et al. paper is framed in extremely negative terms that depict all biofuel production taking place in the USA and all derived from corn…The study then deliberately ignores possible trade effects, such as a proportion of this ethanol spike being met by imports from countries such as Brazil. It even ignores the Congressional cap that was placed on US first-generation corn-based ethanol, which was levied at 15 billion gallons (i.e., half the spike used by Searchinger et al.).” Meanwhile, the hearings in California on the proposed Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which by including an indirect land-use change in its biofuels emissions calculations has focused attention in ILUCs, is now in a comment phase, and comments can be viewed here . Commentators include the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (which has also critiqued ILUCs), plus support for ILUC from Friends of the Earth. Other prominent commentators to date include Brooke Coleman of the New Fuels Alliance, Shell Oil, the Nebraska Corn Board, Environment California, a group of scientists led by Lawrence Berkeley scientist Blake Simmons, and the Oregon Environment Council.
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Indirect Land Use Change controversy swirls: two Searchinger critiques published; California LCFS comments from New Fuels Alliance, Friends of the Earth, Shell Oil among many others
In Tennessee, Biofuels America has proposed a 30 Mgy, $62 million, 35-acre cellullosic ethanol project it has dubbed Project Tennessee . The project, which will utilize municipal solid waste and wood waste as feedstocks, is notable for the low capital investment ratio of $2 in initial investment per gallon of operating capacity, more in line with low-cost first generation ethanol than cellulosic ethanol. The project will also generate up to 15 MW of power for sale to the grid and internal use, and is expandable up to 100 Mgy in fuel capacity. The project is seeking to raise $20 million in equity funding, while SunTrust Bank is examining the provision of the debt, with an (up to 80 percent) debt guarantee under the US Department of Labor’s Bio-refinery Assistance Program. The project will be located in Marion County.
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Biofuels America proposes low-cost 30 Mgy cellulosic ethanol plant in Tennessee
In Massachusetts, cellulosic ethanol developer Mascoma announced that it will relocate its corporate headquarters from Boston to a new R&D facility in Lebanon, NH . The company said that the move will streamline technology transfer, decrease the company’s carbon footprint from executive travel, and reduce administration costs. The company operates a demonstration-scale plant in Rome, NY and is developing a commercial-scale plant in Kinross, Michigan expected to commence construction in 20102. 12-15 staff positions will be eliminated in Boston due to the move, although some will be recreated in Lebanon.
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Mascoma moves HQ to R&D center in NH to streamline development, reduce carbon, costs
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